Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Rare Earth Element shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Rare Earth Element offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Rare Earth Element at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Rare Earth Element? Wrong! If the Rare Earth Element is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Rare Earth Element then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Rare Earth Element? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Rare Earth Element and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Rare Earth Element wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Rare Earth Element then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Rare Earth Element site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Rare Earth Element, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Rare Earth Element, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Rare earth elements and
rare earth metals are a collection of sixteen chemical elements in the periodic table, namely scandium, yttrium, and fourteen of the fifteen lanthanoids (excluding promethium), which naturally occur on the Earth. The former two are included as they tend to occur with the latter in the same
ore deposits. Some definitions additionally include the actinoids. The terms "rare earth" and "rare earth metal" are
trivial names that fall outside the official
IUPAC nomenclature system. Outside of a strict scientific context, however, the terms retain their usability; for instance, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) includes the term "rare earth" in the classification of metal alloys and other compounds, as well as distinguishing
rare-earth magnets from other types of magnet.
Rare earth elements became known to the world with the discovery of the the black mineral ytterbite (alternately know as gadolinite) by Lieutenant Karl Arrhenius in the year 1887, in a quarry in the village of Ytterby, Sweden. Many of the rare earths are named in honor of the scientists who discovered or elucidated the elemental properties, geographical discovery, Latin or Greek, or mythology:
{]|width="70%"|
Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), to honor his investigation of rare earths.]|
V.E. Samarsky, discovered the rare-earth ore called samarskite.]|named after the Ytterby,
Sweden, where the first rare earth ore was discovered.]|refers to the mythological land of
Thule.]|after
Prometheus who brought fire to mankind.]|after Greek deity of fertility, Ceres.]|from the Greek "lanthanon" meaning
I am hidden.|-valign="top"|
Dysprosium|from the Greek "praso" which means leek-green.|-valign="top"|[Neodymium; it is a translation from the French terre as French was the [lingua franca when these elements were discovered at the beginning of the 19th century. "Rare" was used because some of these elements were believed to be scarce in abundance as minerals. However, the term "rare earth" is now deprecated by
IUPAC, as these elements are (except highly-unstable
promethium), in fact relatively abundant in the Earth's crust; the most abundant,
cerium, at 68 parts per million, is the 25th most abundant element in the crust, more common than lead, while even the least abundant "rare" earth element, lutetium, is 200 times more abundant than
gold.
The principal economic sources of rare earth elements are the
rare-earth minerals bastnasite, monazite, and loparite and the
laterite ion-adsorption clays. Despite their relative abundance, however, these are more difficult to mine and extract than the sources of
transition metals (due in part to their very similar chemical properties), making them relatively expensive. Their industrial use was very limited until efficient separation techniques were developed, such as ion exchange,
fractional crystallization and
liquid-liquid extraction during the late 50's and early 60's. Spedding F, Daane AH: "The Rare Earths", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961
The following abbreviations are often used:
- REE = rare earth elements
- LREE = light rare earth elements (La-Sm)
- HREE = heavy rare earth elements (Eu-Lu)
For more details of the properties and uses of these elements, refer to the lanthanoids article.
References
Rare earth elements and
rare earth metals are a collection of sixteen chemical elements in the periodic table, namely scandium,
yttrium, and fourteen of the fifteen
lanthanoids (excluding
promethium), which naturally occur on the Earth. The former two are included as they tend to occur with the latter in the same
ore deposits. Some definitions additionally include the
actinoids. The terms "rare earth" and "rare earth metal" are
trivial names that fall outside the official IUPAC nomenclature system. Outside of a strict scientific context, however, the terms retain their usability; for instance, the
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) includes the term "rare earth" in the classification of metal alloys and other compounds, as well as distinguishing
rare-earth magnets from other types of magnet.
Rare earth elements became known to the world with the discovery of the the black mineral ytterbite (alternately know as
gadolinite) by Lieutenant Karl Arrhenius in the year 1887, in a quarry in the village of Ytterby, Sweden. Many of the rare earths are named in honor of the scientists who discovered or elucidated the elemental properties, geographical discovery, Latin or Greek, or mythology:
{]|width="70%"|Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), to honor his investigation of rare earths.]|V.E. Samarsky, discovered the rare-earth ore called samarskite.]|named after the Ytterby, Sweden, where the first rare earth ore was discovered.]|refers to the mythological land of
Thule.]|after Prometheus who brought fire to mankind.]|after Greek deity of fertility,
Ceres.]|from the Greek "lanthanon" meaning
I am hidden.|-valign="top"|
Dysprosium|from the Greek "praso" which means leek-green.|-valign="top"|[Neodymium; it is a translation from the French terre as French was the [lingua franca when these elements were discovered at the beginning of the 19th century. "Rare" was used because some of these elements were believed to be scarce in abundance as minerals. However, the term "rare earth" is now deprecated by
IUPAC, as these elements are (except highly-unstable
promethium), in fact relatively abundant in the Earth's crust; the most abundant,
cerium, at 68 parts per million, is the 25th most abundant element in the crust, more common than
lead, while even the least abundant "rare" earth element, lutetium, is 200 times more abundant than gold.
The principal economic sources of rare earth elements are the
rare-earth minerals bastnasite, monazite, and loparite and the
laterite ion-adsorption
clays. Despite their relative abundance, however, these are more difficult to mine and extract than the sources of
transition metals (due in part to their very similar chemical properties), making them relatively expensive. Their industrial use was very limited until efficient separation techniques were developed, such as
ion exchange,
fractional crystallization and liquid-liquid extraction during the late 50's and early 60's. Spedding F, Daane AH: "The Rare Earths", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1961
The following abbreviations are often used:
- REE = rare earth elements
- LREE = light rare earth elements (La-Sm)
- HREE = heavy rare earth elements (Eu-Lu)
For more details of the properties and uses of these elements, refer to the lanthanoids article.
References
Rare earth element - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Rare earth elements and rare earth metals are, according to IUPAC, the collection of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, namely scandium, yttrium, and the fifteen ...
Chemical Elements.com - Rare Earth Elements
An up-to-date periodic table with detailed but easy to understand information ... The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series.
Rare Earth Elements
Visit this site for a comprehensive educational resource on the Rare Earth group in the Standard Periodic Table.Characteristics, uses, facts and information about the elements in ...
Definition: lanthanides from Online Medical Dictionary
rare earth elements -->
Glasgow ePrints Service - Rare earth element geochemistry of upper ...
Caradoc and Ashgill radiolarian cherts and siliceous mudstones from the Southern Uplands preserve primary rare earth element (REE) signatures which are comparable to those of more ...
Glasgow ePrints Service - A protocol for the determination of the rare ...
Rare earth element analyses are widely used in geology, environmental science and archaeology. Over the past decade inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry has become an ...
rare-earth element - definition of rare-earth element by the Free ...
Definition of rare-earth element in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of rare-earth element. Pronunciation of rare-earth element. Translations of rare-earth element. rare-earth ...
e-Prints Soton - Rare earth element geochemistry and taphonomy of ...
Most taphonomic analyses of vertebrate remains have focused upon physical processes. Chemical processes only rarely are addressed, leaving a large untapped store of quantitative ...
Rare earth element concentrations in dissolved and acid available ...
Variations in concentration of yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm) and gadolinium (Gd) among rivers of eastern England and the border with ...
USGS Minerals Information: Rare Earths
Statistics and information on the worldwide supply, demand, and flow of rare earths ... Rare Earths Statistics and Information (cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium ...
